What is the primary function of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps are movable surfaces on the wings of an aircraft that serve the primary function of increasing lift and drag, particularly during slow flight conditions such as takeoff and landing. When the flaps are extended, they change the wing's camber, which allows the aircraft to generate more lift at lower speeds. This is crucial during landing, as it enables the aircraft to fly safely at slower speeds without stalling, allowing for a gentler and safer approach to the runway.

Additionally, the increase in drag produced by extending the flaps helps to slow the aircraft down, providing better control during descent. This functionality is vital for ensuring that the aircraft can operate effectively in the critical phases of flight where low speeds are necessary, thus improving overall safety and performance.